Scales of Measurement

A researcher examines whether scores on a final exam are influenced by whether
background music is soft, loud, or absent.
a. What is the independent variable?
b. Is the independent variable manipulated or not manipulated?
c. How many levels are there for the independent variable?
d. What is the dependent variable?
e. What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?

A researcher compares freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors with respect to how
much fun they have while attending college (1=no fun at all, 7=maximum amount of
fun).
a. What is the independent variable?
b. Is the independent variable manipulated or not manipulated?
c. How many levels are there for the independent variable?
d. What is the dependent variable?
e. What is the scale of measurement for the dependent variable?